Q1. Before helping a resident walk with a gait belt, which action should the CNA take first?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Non-skid shoes reduce fall risk during ambulation. The belt should be snug with only two fingers fitting underneath and the knot in front or at the side as facility policy allows.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP Candidate Handbook (2025), Ambulation with Transfer/Gait Belt skill; OBRA safety practices.
Q2. Hand hygiene is required before and after every resident contact. When hands are visibly soiled, the CNA must:
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Alcohol rubs are ineffective on visibly soiled hands; soap and water for at least 20 seconds is required to remove dirt and organisms.
Citation: CDC Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings; Prometric Nurse Aide CIB (2025), Handwashing skill.
Q3. A resident on contact precautions needs toileting assistance. Which PPE sequence for donning is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: For contact precautions, don gown first, then gloves over gown cuffs to prevent contamination.
Q5. When making an occupied bed, which step maintains resident safety and infection control?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Adjusting bed height prevents back strain; keeping one rail up prevents falls while turning the resident. Gloves must be used if linens are soiled.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP (2025) Bedmaking and Safety skills checklist.
Q6. When providing perineal care for a female resident, the CNA should clean in which direction?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cleaning from front to back prevents the transfer of bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, which helps prevent urinary tract infections.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP (2025) Perineal Care skill; OBRA infection control guidelines.
Q7. A resident refuses their scheduled bath. What should the CNA do first?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Residents have the right to refuse care under OBRA. CNAs should respect the choice, attempt later, and report to the nurse.
Citation: OBRA Resident Rights; Pearson VUE NNAAP Candidate Handbook (2025).
Q8. When measuring a resident’s radial pulse, the CNA should count beats for how long if the pulse is regular?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A 30-second count multiplied by two is accurate for a regular pulse; a full 60-second count is used only when irregular.
Citation: Prometric Nurse Aide CIB (2025), Measuring and Recording Pulse.
Q9. When communicating with a resident who is hard of hearing, the CNA should:
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Facing the resident and speaking slowly helps with lip reading and comprehension. Shouting can distort sound.
Citation: OBRA Communication Standards; Pearson VUE NNAAP (2025) Communication section.
Q10. A CNA is helping a resident eat and notices the resident begins coughing and turning red. What should the CNA do first?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: If the person can speak or cough, encourage coughing. Abdominal thrusts are performed only if the airway becomes completely blocked.
Citation: American Red Cross First Aid & Choking Procedures (2025); NNAAP Emergency Response guidelines.
Q11. What is the single most effective way for a nursing assistant to prevent the spread of infection in a healthcare setting?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Proper hand hygiene is the most important infection control measure. CNAs should wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds before and after resident contact, after removing gloves, and after contact with bodily fluids.
Citation: CDC Hand Hygiene Guidelines; Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025, Infection Control Skills.
Q12. While walking with a resident, the resident becomes lightheaded and starts to fall. What should the CNA do immediately?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The CNA should ease the resident safely to the floor, protecting their head, and call for help. Trying to hold them upright or leaving them unattended could cause injury.
Q13. A resident has weakness on the right side due to a stroke. When helping this resident get dressed, which technique should the CNA use?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dress the affected (weak) side first to reduce strain and make dressing easier. Undress the strong side first when removing clothing.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025, Dressing Resident with Affected Arm Skill.
Q14. What is the proper body mechanics technique when a CNA lifts or transfers a heavy object?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Use a wide base of support, bend at the knees, keep the back straight, and lift with the legs while holding the object close to the body.
Citation: OBRA 2025 Body Mechanics Guidelines; Prometric Safety Standards.
Q15. A resident has difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). How should the CNA position the resident during meals to prevent aspiration?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Keeping the resident upright helps food move safely down the esophagus and reduces choking risk. Never feed in a reclined or flat position.
Q16. Which of the following blood pressure readings should be reported to the nurse immediately as abnormally low?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: 90/50 mmHg is hypotensive and can cause dizziness or fainting. CNAs must report any blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg to the nurse.
Citation: American Heart Association; NNAAP 2025, Vital Signs Skill.
Q17. A resident is coughing weakly, cannot speak, and is clutching their throat. What should the CNA do first?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: These are signs of a complete airway obstruction. The CNA should perform abdominal thrusts immediately to clear the airway and call for help.
Citation: American Red Cross, Adult Choking Response 2025; Prometric Emergency Procedures.
Q18. A resident with Alzheimer’s repeatedly asks to “go home.” What is the best CNA response?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Use validation therapy — acknowledge feelings and redirect with empathy rather than arguing or correcting. This reduces agitation and maintains dignity.
Citation: Alzheimer’s Association, Dementia Care Training; OBRA Resident Rights.
Q19. A resident’s religion prohibits eating pork. The kitchen delivers a meal that includes bacon. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: CNAs must respect religious and cultural dietary restrictions and notify dietary services to provide a suitable alternative.
Citation: OBRA Resident Rights; Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025, Cultural Sensitivity Section.
Q20. When communicating with a resident who is hard of hearing, what approach helps most?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Maintain eye contact, good lighting, and speak slowly and clearly. Shouting distorts sound and covering your mouth blocks lip-reading.
Citation: CDC Communication Aids for Hearing Impairment; OBRA Communication Standards.
Q21. A resident refuses their scheduled bath. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Residents have the right to refuse care. The CNA should offer the bath later and inform the nurse so it’s documented.
Citation: OBRA 1987 Resident Rights Act; NNAAP 2025, Patient Autonomy.
Q22. The CNA suspects a resident has been abused by another staff member. What is the CNA’s obligation?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: CNAs are mandatory reporters and must report any suspicion of abuse immediately following facility policy.
Citation: OBRA 1987, Right to Freedom from Abuse; Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025.
Q23. A diabetic resident shows excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fruity-smelling breath. What should the CNA do first?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: These are signs of hyperglycemia. The CNA should report immediately so medical treatment can be provided. Never give sugar unless hypoglycemia is confirmed.
Citation: Prometric Nurse Aide CIB 2025; American Diabetes Association Guidelines.
Q24. Why are passive range-of-motion (PROM) exercises performed for residents on bed rest?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: PROM keeps joints flexible and prevents contractures and stiffness for residents who cannot move independently.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025, Range of Motion Skill; OBRA Rehabilitation Principles.
Q25. A resident has a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order and is found without a pulse or breathing. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A DNR means resuscitation should not be started. The CNA should notify the nurse at once and respect the resident’s documented wishes.
Citation: OBRA 1987; Prometric CNA End-of-Life Care Standards 2025.
Q26. When assisting a resident with ambulation using a gait belt, where should the CNA position themselves?
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: When assisting with a gait belt, the CNA should stand slightly behind and on the resident’s weaker side to provide support in case of imbalance.
Q27. A CNA spills urine on the floor. What is the correct first action?
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Spills of bodily fluids must be cleaned immediately while wearing gloves and using appropriate disinfectant to reduce infection risk and fall hazards.
Citation: CDC Standard Precautions; OBRA Infection Control Procedures.
Q28. When transferring a resident from bed to wheelchair, what should the CNA do before moving the resident?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Locking the wheelchair wheels before any transfer prevents movement that could lead to falls or injury.
Citation: Prometric Nurse Aide CIB 2025, Wheelchair Transfer Safety Guidelines.
Q29. A resident complains of shortness of breath. What is the CNA’s immediate action?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Sitting upright allows easier breathing by expanding lung capacity. The CNA must immediately alert the nurse after positioning the resident safely.
Q31. A CNA observes another aide shouting at a resident. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Verbal abuse is never acceptable. CNAs are legally required to report any suspected or witnessed abuse immediately.
Citation: OBRA Resident Rights Act 2025; Mandated Reporter Policy.
Q32. Which action demonstrates respect for a resident’s privacy during care?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Closing curtains and doors preserves dignity and privacy, as required under OBRA standards.
Citation: OBRA 1987, Resident Privacy and Dignity Requirements.
Q33. A CNA notes that a resident’s tray is untouched after lunch. What should the CNA do first?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The CNA should observe and communicate with the resident to determine the reason before reporting to the nurse. It may relate to illness, dentures, or food preference.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025, Nutrition and Feeding Guidelines.
Q34. The CNA notices a resident’s call light has been on for several minutes. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Quick response to call lights demonstrates respect and ensures safety. Delays can lead to falls or unmet needs.
Citation: OBRA Resident Care Quality Standards; Prometric Ethics Section.
Q35. What is the normal range for an adult’s oral temperature?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The normal oral temperature range for adults is approximately 97.6°F–99.6°F. Any reading outside this range should be reported.
Q48. A resident with Parkinson’s disease walks slowly with small steps and has poor balance. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Parkinson’s affects mobility and balance. The CNA should provide patient assistance using a gait belt and allow adequate time for safe movement.
Q49. A resident begins to have a seizure while in bed. What is the CNA’s first action?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: During a seizure, protect the resident from injury by padding the area and turning their head to the side if possible; never restrain or insert anything in their mouth.
Citation: Epilepsy Foundation CNA Safety Standards 2025.
Q50. Which of the following tasks is outside the CNA’s scope of practice?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: CNAs do not administer medications. They perform personal care, observation, and reporting duties under a nurse’s supervision.
Citation: OBRA 1987 CNA Scope of Practice; Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025 Candidate Handbook.
Q51. Before feeding a resident, what should the CNA always check first?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Always confirm the resident’s identity and the diet card to ensure they receive the correct meal and texture per their care plan.
Q52. When assisting with perineal care, the CNA should clean in which direction?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Cleaning from front to back prevents the transfer of bacteria from the anal area to the urinary tract, reducing infection risk.
Citation: CDC Infection Prevention for Long-Term Care, 2025.
Q53. When documenting on a resident’s chart, the CNA should:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Documentation should be done promptly, accurately, and objectively after providing care—never include personal opinions or alter records.
Citation: OBRA 1987, CNA Legal and Ethical Standards; NNAAP Documentation Guidelines 2025.
Q54. When applying a restraint, what is the CNA’s primary responsibility?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Restraints require a doctor’s order and must allow movement and circulation; CNAs check the resident at least every 15 minutes.
Citation: OBRA Restraint Regulations; Prometric CNA Safety Standards 2025.
Q55. Which statement best describes the CNA’s role in the nursing process?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: CNAs assist in the nursing process by observing, reporting, and recording information that supports the nurse’s assessment.
Citation: OBRA 1987, Role of the Nursing Assistant; Pearson VUE NNAAP Handbook 2025.
Q56. When measuring a resident’s pulse, the CNA should count the beats for:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Counting for a full minute ensures accuracy, especially if the pulse is irregular or slow.
Citation: NNAAP Skill: Measure and Record Pulse, 2025.
Q57. What is the proper way to remove a soiled gown from a resident with an IV?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Always remove the gown from the unaffected arm first and re-dress the affected (IV) arm last to prevent pulling or dislodging the tubing.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025, Dressing Resident with IV Skill.
Q58. When using a fire extinguisher, the correct order of operation is:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The PASS method—Pull the pin, Aim at the base, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side—is the correct fire extinguisher procedure.
Citation: OSHA Fire Safety Guidelines 2025.
Q59. A resident’s care plan requires “NPO.” What does this mean?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: “NPO” is a medical abbreviation for “nothing by mouth,” meaning the resident should not eat or drink anything until ordered otherwise.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP 2025, Abbreviations and Terminology Section.
Q60. A CNA discovers a small fire in a resident’s trash can. What is the first action?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Follow RACE protocol—Rescue anyone in danger, Activate the alarm, Contain the fire, Extinguish if safe. The resident’s safety comes first.
Citation: OSHA Fire Safety Procedures; NNAAP 2025.
Q61. The CNA is repositioning a resident who has a pressure ulcer on their coccyx. Which position should be avoided?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Lying flat on the back increases pressure on the coccyx and worsens ulcers. Use lateral or 30-degree positioning instead.
Q64. The CNA is assisting a resident with dementia during mealtime. What’s the best communication approach?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Dementia care requires calm, simple directions and reassurance to reduce confusion and frustration.
Citation: Alzheimer’s Association Dementia Care Guidelines 2025.
Q65. Which vital sign change must the CNA report immediately?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A sudden drop in blood pressure may indicate internal bleeding, shock, or cardiac distress and must be reported at once.
Citation: NNAAP Vital Sign Standards 2025.
Q66. Which of the following is the best example of maintaining a resident’s dignity?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Providing privacy, respect, and choice promotes dignity in care. Privacy curtains are required during personal care.
Citation: OBRA 1987 Resident Rights, Section on Privacy.
Q67. If a resident with diabetes refuses their meal, what should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Meal refusal in diabetic residents must be reported to prevent hypoglycemia or other complications.
Citation: ADA Long-Term Care Guidelines 2025.
Q68. The CNA finds a resident crying and withdrawn. What is the best initial response?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Providing emotional support through presence and listening builds trust and may reveal important emotional or physical concerns.
Citation: OBRA 1987, Psychosocial Care Requirements.
Q69. During hand hygiene, how long should the CNA scrub their hands?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The CDC recommends scrubbing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds to remove pathogens.
Citation: CDC Hand Hygiene Guidelines 2025.
Q70. What is the main purpose of standard precautions?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Standard precautions assume all bodily fluids may contain infectious agents and apply to every resident, every time.
Citation: CDC Infection Control Standards, 2025.
Q71. The CNA is transferring a resident from bed to wheelchair. What must be done first?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Wheelchair brakes must always be locked before transfer to prevent rolling and injury.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP Transfer Skill 2025.
Q72. Which sign may indicate hypoglycemia in a diabetic resident?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Hypoglycemia causes low blood sugar, leading to sweating, tremors, confusion, and weakness; report immediately.
Citation: ADA Long-Term Care Protocol 2025.
Q73. What should the CNA do if a resident complains of chest pain?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Chest pain can signal a cardiac emergency; stay with the resident and report immediately to the nurse.
Citation: AHA Long-Term Care Cardiac Response 2025.
Q74. Which of the following actions violates resident confidentiality?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Talking about resident details in public areas violates HIPAA privacy laws and facility policy.
Citation: HIPAA Privacy Rule 2025.
Q75. A resident falls while trying to get out of bed. The CNA should:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Never move a fallen resident alone. Stay with them, ensure safety, and summon help for assessment before repositioning.
Citation: Prometric Nurse Aide 2025, Fall Response Protocol.
Q76. When providing foot care to a diabetic resident, the CNA should:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: CNAs must check diabetic feet daily for redness, blisters, or sores and report findings. They do not trim nails or apply lotion between toes due to infection risk.
Citation: ADA Diabetic Foot Care Guidelines 2025.
Q77. The CNA notices a resident has not had a bowel movement for three days. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Constipation can lead to serious complications. CNAs observe and report bowel patterns but do not administer medications.
Citation: NNAAP Elimination Guidelines 2025.
Q78. Which behavior demonstrates respect for a resident’s cultural beliefs?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: CNAs must show cultural sensitivity by respecting personal, dietary, and spiritual preferences.
Citation: OBRA 1987 Resident Rights; Cultural Competency Standards 2025.
Q79. When assisting a resident with a weak left side, the CNA should:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Always assist on the weak side to provide stability and prevent falls during ambulation or transfers.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP Mobility Skills 2025.
Q80. When communicating with a resident who is hard of hearing, the CNA should:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Face-to-face communication allows lip reading and nonverbal cues, which improves understanding for hearing-impaired residents.
Citation: NNAAP Communication Skills 2025.
Q81. The CNA observes bruises on a resident’s upper arms. What should the CNA do first?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: CNAs are mandatory reporters of suspected abuse. Any unexplained bruising must be reported immediately to the nurse.
Citation: OBRA 1987 Resident Protection and Abuse Reporting Rules.
Q82. Which of the following promotes resident independence during bathing?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Encouraging participation supports independence, dignity, and self-esteem while promoting safety.
Citation: OBRA 1987 Resident Rights; ADL Support Standards 2025.
Q83. When should gloves be worn by the CNA?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Standard precautions require gloves when there’s risk of exposure to blood, body fluids, or mucous membranes.
Citation: CDC Standard Precautions 2025.
Q84. A resident with Alzheimer’s disease keeps asking what time lunch is. The CNA should:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Reassurance and consistency reduce anxiety in residents with dementia or memory loss.
Citation: Alzheimer’s Association Communication Strategies 2025.
Q85. When ambulating a resident with a gait belt, the CNA should place the belt:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A gait belt is secured snugly at the waist, over clothing, allowing the CNA to support safely during transfers.
Q99. When assisting a resident to use a bedpan, what is the CNA’s next step after the resident finishes?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: After toileting, the CNA should provide perineal care if needed, remove the bedpan carefully to avoid spills, and ensure the resident’s comfort and hygiene.
Q220. The CNA should place the urinary drainage bag:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Keeping the bag dependent promotes drainage and reduces infection risk; never place on the floor.
Citation: CDC CAUTI Prevention, 2025.
Q221. While taking morning vitals, the CNA gets a reading of 88/52 mmHg with dizziness on standing. What should the CNA do first?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Low blood pressure with orthostatic symptoms is a safety risk. Place the resident in a safe position, monitor, and report immediately; CNAs do not independently treat.
Q222. A resident receiving tube feeding (managed by the nurse) is lying flat after care. What should the CNA do?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Head-of-bed elevation reduces aspiration risk during and after enteral feeding. CNAs position and observe; nurses manage the feeding itself.
Q223. Before transferring a resident from bed to wheelchair, the CNA should adjust the footrests by:
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Footrests must be moved out of the path to prevent tripping and ensure safe footing during transfers.
Citation: Pearson VUE NNAAP Candidate Handbook 2025 – Transfer to Wheelchair Safety.
Q224. An NPO resident complains of a very dry mouth. What is the appropriate CNA action?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: NPO patients may receive mouth care and moistening per protocol to maintain comfort while avoiding oral intake that could jeopardize procedures.
Citation: NNAAP 2025 – Oral Care; Pre-procedure NPO Care Standards.
Q225. A resident begins to seize while in bed. What is the CNA’s immediate priority?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Keep the area safe, position laterally to maintain airway, time the seizure, and seek nursing assistance; never restrain or insert objects into the mouth.
Citation: Epilepsy Foundation – Seizure First Aid for Caregivers (2025); Prometric Nurse Aide Emergency Care.
Q226. Which observation should the CNA report immediately when a resident is receiving IV therapy (managed by the nurse)?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Signs of infiltration or phlebitis require prompt nursing assessment.
Citation: NNAAP 2025 – Observation & Reporting; CDC IV Site Monitoring.
Q227. The CNA enters a room and finds a resident on the floor. What is the first action?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Ensure safety and summon assistance; do not move until assessed.
Citation: Prometric Nurse Aide CIB 2025 – Fall Response.
Q228. The CNA should place a resident with shortness of breath into which position?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Upright positioning eases breathing and improves lung expansion.
Citation: AHA Respiratory Care in LTC, 2025.
Q229. Which action protects the resident’s skin when applying a bedpan?
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Warmth and a barrier reduce discomfort and shear; minimize time on the pan.
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