When inspecting a commercial vehicle before a long trip, which combination of emergency equipment is mandatory under FMCSA and Texas regulations?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: FMCSA and Texas law require three reflective warning triangles, spare fuses or light bulbs, and a fire extinguisher rated at a minimum of 10-B:C. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.1
In early morning high-humidity conditions, what is the most reliable sign that black ice may have formed on a rural two-lane highway in Texas?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Shiny, glass-like patches in shaded areas often indicate black ice, even when temperatures hover just above freezing. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.6
What is the most effective technique to control speed when descending a steep grade with a heavy load to avoid brake fade?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Shifting to a lower gear before descent and using snub braking prevents overheating and maintains control. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.10
Under optimal driving conditions, how far ahead should a CDL driver scan the roadway to safely anticipate changes?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Scanning 12–15 seconds ahead (about a quarter mile at highway speeds) allows adequate reaction time. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.4
Which best defines ‘reaction distance’ for a combined tractor-trailer vehicle traveling at highway speed?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Reaction distance is the space your vehicle covers from the moment you perceive a hazard until you physically apply the brakes. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.6
At 65 mph, what minimum following distance should a CDL driver maintain under dry conditions using the three-second rule?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: At 65 mph, three seconds equates to roughly 200 feet of space between vehicles. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.5
When negotiating a sharp curve on a two-lane highway, what adjustment helps prevent rollover in a high center-of-gravity vehicle?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: Reducing speed before the curve and steering steadily reduces lateral forces and lowers rollover risk. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.8
During a pre-trip inspection, how should a driver determine if recap tires are within service limits?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Recap tire tread must measure more than 4/32 inch on driving wheels to meet FMCSA requirements. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.3
What is the safest procedure when driving through dense fog at night in an open rural area?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Low beams reduce glare from fog; slowing to under 30 mph helps prevent collisions. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.7
Why is it important to avoid ‘riding’ the brakes on vehicles with drum brakes during extended descents?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Continuous brake application heats drums, reducing friction and causing fade or failure. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.10
Which formula correctly estimates stopping distance at highway speeds for a fully loaded truck?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Total stopping distance combines reaction distance (speed × reaction time) plus braking distance. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.6
How should cargo be distributed on tandem axles to comply with Texas weight regulations?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Texas limits tandem axle weight to 34,000 lbs; cargo placement should ensure no group exceeds this. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.2
What is the maximum continuous driving time allowed by Texas CDL regulations before a 30-minute break is required?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Texas mandates a 30-minute break after five hours of driving under HOS rules. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.1
When transporting loose logs or lumber, what securement device is REQUIRED by FMCSA?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Loose logs require two chokers and two binders to prevent movement under federal securement standards. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.3
How does high-altitude driving above 5,000 feet affect a diesel engine’s performance?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Lower air density at altitude reduces engine combustion efficiency, cutting available power. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.12
What is the correct procedure when crossing railroad tracks with reducible force warning devices?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: You must ensure clearing the tracks without stopping on them, waiting for any vehicles to clear first. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 6.2
Which step is essential when coupling a tractor to a semi-trailer?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Ensure release handle is forward to open jaws before aligning tractor under trailer kingpin. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 7.1
How should you test for hydraulic brake system leaks during pre-trip inspection?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Pumping the pedal until firm and holding checks for loss of pressure, indicating leaks. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
If your vehicle’s lights fail at night, which hand signal indicates a left turn?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: For a left turn, extend left arm horizontally out the driver’s window. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 8.3
What distinguishes interstate commercial vehicles from intrastate vehicles?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Interstate operations involve crossing state lines; intrastate stay within one state’s borders. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 1.2
At a railroad crossing with non-functioning warning signals, what must a CDL driver do?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: If warning devices fail, you must stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from nearest rail, then proceed when safe. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 6.3
What is the maximum legal weight for a tandem axle group in Texas CDL regulations?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Texas law caps tandem axle groups at 34,000 lbs to comply with road impact standards. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.2
Which technique helps prevent jackknifing when making a sharp right turn with a tractor-trailer?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Wide swing and slow turn with controlled throttle prevents abrupt angles that cause jackknifing. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 7.3
What is the correct method for checking engine coolant levels in a heavy-duty diesel before driving?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Always check coolant reservoir and radiator fill caps when the engine is cool to avoid burns and obtain accurate reading. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.4
Calculate the total stopping distance for a truck traveling at 55 mph if reaction time is 2 seconds and braking distance is 200 feet.
What is the primary purpose of adjusting your side mirrors before driving a tractor-trailer?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Proper side mirror adjustment minimizes blind spots and allows the driver to monitor traffic alongside the trailer. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.2
If the oil temperature gauge shows a rapidly rising temperature, what is the safest immediate action?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Idling at low RPM reduces engine load and helps oil return to normal temperature without abrupt shutdown. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.4
During pre-trip inspection, you notice coolant dripping under the radiator. What does this indicate?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Dripping coolant signals a leak in the cooling system that must be fixed before driving to prevent overheating. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.4
When driving down a steep grade in mountainous terrain, what pattern of braking is recommended?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Snub braking uses controlled braking followed by cooling intervals to prevent brake failure on long descents. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.10
Which device helps slow a heavy vehicle without using service brakes, reducing brake wear?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: A retarder (Jake brake) slows the engine’s exhaust, providing braking power without heat buildup in the service brakes. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.11
What is the maximum low air pressure allowance for air brake leakage during a one-minute static test?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: FMCSA allows up to 4 psi leakage in single vehicles and 6 psi in combination vehicles during a one-minute static test. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
How do spring brakes activate in an air brake system?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Spring brakes use powerful springs to apply the parking brakes automatically if air pressure falls below a safe level or when set. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
Which is the correct sequence for the air loss rate check in dual air systems?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: With engine running and no motion, the rate of air pressure drop from 100 to 85 psi is measured to check for leaks. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
During the slack adjuster check, what indicates the adjuster is out of adjustment?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: If push rod movement exceeds one inch when brakes are applied, the slack adjuster needs adjustment. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
Why is fatigue considered as dangerous as alcohol impairment for CDL drivers?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Fatigue impairs perception and reaction similar to alcohol, increasing crash risk due to delayed responses. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.2
If you must pull onto the shoulder to inspect a mechanical issue, what is the proper safety procedure?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Using hazard lights, setting brakes, and placing warning triangles protect the stopped vehicle and driver. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 8.1
What is the required minimum number of warning devices around a stopped commercial vehicle on a two-lane highway?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Three warning devices spaced correctly warn oncoming traffic of a stopped commercial vehicle. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.1
Which placard is required when hauling corrosive materials classified under Hazard Class 8?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Hazard Class 8 materials require a corrosive placard featuring the standard black corrosive symbol. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.1
When passing a slow-moving vehicle on a narrow two-lane road, what action ensures safety?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Signaling and using full opposing lane when safe avoids collision and respects road markings. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.9
At what distance should you begin to dim your headlights when approaching another vehicle at night?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Dim headlights at least 300 feet from an oncoming vehicle to reduce glare and maintain safety. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.7
Which behavior is considered a major distraction for a CDL driver while operating the vehicle?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: Manual texting diverts eyes, hands, and attention from driving, significantly increasing crash risk. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.2
What is the recommended action when approaching a drawbridge that is about to open?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Drivers must stop at markings and wait until the bridge resumes to ensure safety and compliance. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 6.4
Chevron road signs on sharp curves indicate:
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Chevron alignment signs warn drivers of a sharp curve and guide through the turn. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.8
Why must a fire extinguisher be easily accessible and not stored under a seat or behind cargo?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Quick accessibility is crucial to effectively combat fires before they spread. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.1
How does prolonged driving at high speeds affect tire temperature and safety?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: High-speed driving generates heat in tires, which can elevate pressure and risk of blowouts. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.3
If the front axle is overloaded, what steering issue is most likely to occur?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Overloading the front axle reduces steering responsiveness, causing understeer and slow handling. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.2
Why should high beams be dimmed when following another vehicle at night?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Dimmed beams prevent отражение glare in mirrors of the vehicle ahead, improving safety. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.7
When should the emergency air line be used in combination vehicle braking?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: The emergency line triggers spring brakes to prevent uncontrolled movement if service air pressure is lost. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What does the ABS malfunction lamp indicate on a commercial vehicle dash?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: A lit ABS lamp means the antilock system is off, but regular brakes still work normally. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
During coupling inspection, how far should the fifth wheel be tilted before backing under the trailer?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: A slight downward tilt allows the trailer kingpin to enter the fifth wheel jaws smoothly. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 7.1
Which placard is required when transporting infectious substances under DOT classification 6.2?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: DOT class 6.2 materials require a biohazard placard featuring the trefoil symbol for infectious substances. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.2
When performing a straight-line backing maneuver, what is the recommended hand position on the wheel?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: For backing, the driver places their left hand outside the window and guides the wheel with the right hand. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 7.2
Under Texas regulations, how often must a commercial driver inspect the vehicle’s lights during a trip?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Texas law requires inspection of lights at the first safe stop after starting the trip within 25 miles. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.1
What is the maximum legal width for most commercial vehicles in Texas, excluding certain over-width permits?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: The standard maximum width is 8 feet 6 inches unless special permits allow greater width. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.3
To prevent cargo shift, what is the minimum angle for binders when securing logs or poles?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Binders should be at least 45° to ensure sufficient tension and prevent load movement. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.3
When merging onto a highway from an acceleration lane, what speed should you aim for before merging?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Matching highway traffic speed in the lane reduces risk when merging onto fast-moving traffic. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.9
During a CDL road test, which vehicle maneuver demonstrates proper use of a dual air brake system?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: A simulated emergency stop using spring brakes shows understanding of the dual air brake emergency function. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What is the primary cause of brake fade during continuous braking on long downgrades?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Persistent braking heats components, reducing friction and causing fade or failure. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.10
Which log entry is mandatory at the start of a driver’s day?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Drivers must record the starting odometer reading in their logbook to document miles driven. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.1
What describes the proper technique for ‘snub braking’ on a steep downgrade?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Snub braking involves firm brake application to slow, then release to allow cooling intervals. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.10
Under FMCSA hours-of-service rules, what is the maximum on-duty period in a 14-hour window?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Within any 14-hour window, a driver may be on duty up to 14 hours, including breaks. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.1
Which indicator light warns of low air pressure in an air brake system?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: A red low-pressure warning lamp alerts the driver when air pressure falls below safe levels. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What is the safest method to check clearance under a loaded flatbed trailer?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: A clearance pole provides precise measurement before committing to low obstacles. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 6.1
Which pre-trip check ensures spring brakes will engage if air pressure is lost?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Testing spring brakes engagement confirms automatic parking brake function upon air loss. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
When transporting liquid bulk, what factor most affects stopping distance?
What is the correct procedure for verifying the operation of tractor protection valve?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Closing the service line simulates emergency air loss, engaging the valve and protecting tractor brakes. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
In which situation is hydroplaning most likely to occur?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: High speeds on water create a film that lifts tires off the road, causing hydroplaning. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.7
What does the ‘FMCSA double bump test’ assess during pre-trip inspection?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Double bumping checks suspension springs and frame for cracks or fractures under load. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 6.1
Which document must always be present when hauling regulated hazardous materials?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: A properly completed bill of lading with hazard class details is required for HM transport. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.1
When making a lane change on a multi-lane highway, what is the minimum mirror check sequence?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: Signal, check all mirrors, shoulder check blind spot, then merge safely. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.2
What does a yellow diamond-shaped sign with a semi-truck tipping icon warn drivers of?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: The icon warns of rollover risk on upcoming curves for high-center-of-gravity vehicles. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.8
Which factor most affects air brake lag distance?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Longer air lines increase the volume, slowing pressure application to brakes. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What is the purpose of the governor in an air brake system?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: The governor maintains system pressure by engaging/disengaging the compressor at set thresholds. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
Which condition requires a driver to report a tire pressure issue immediately?
Correct Answer: D Explanation: Structural damage like a bulge or damaged valve stem threatens tire integrity and safety. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.3
What is the correct method to test the anti-lock braking system (ABS) on a straight road?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: ABS performs self-test when full braking pressure is applied at low speeds on low-traction surface. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What is the correct minimum tread depth for front steering axle tires under FMCSA regulations?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Front steering tires must have at least 6/32 inch tread depth on any major groove to comply with FMCSA and Texas DOT standards. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.3
How often must a CDL driver record a change of duty status that lasts longer than 15 minutes?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Duty status changes longer than 15 minutes must be recorded in real time to maintain accurate hours-of-service logs. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.1
During pre-trip inspection, which sign of hydraulic fluid leak is unacceptable?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Active dripping onto the ground indicates a leak that must be repaired before operating the vehicle. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) allowed for CDL drivers under federal law?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Federal regulations set a BAC limit of 0.04% for CDL holders operating commercial vehicles. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.3
Which method helps prevent tail swing accidents when turning a tractor-trailer?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Swinging wide opposite prevents the rear of the trailer from swinging into lanes or objects. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 7.4
How should a driver verify the functionality of the parking brake in an air brake system?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Chocking wheels and applying parking brake confirms it holds the vehicle securely without air pressure. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What is the primary reason for waiting two minutes after turning off the engine before checking valve lash on a diesel engine?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Waiting prevents burns by allowing hot engine parts to cool to a safer temperature. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.4
Which condition indicates antilock braking system (ABS) is active during stopping?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: ABS activation causes pedal pulsation while maintaining steering control on slippery surfaces. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
When transporting livestock, what feature is essential for proper ventilation?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Adjustable slatted sides allow airflow while protecting livestock from weather elements. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.5
Under Texas law, what is the minimum number of reflective devices required on the rear of a commercial motor vehicle operating at night?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Three reflective warning triangles must be placed to the rear to alert oncoming traffic. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.1
What technique helps reduce trailer fishtailing during gusty wind conditions?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Slowing down and gentle steering responses minimize sway induced by crosswinds. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.11
Which log entry must a driver make immediately after loading hazardous materials?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Recording loading times provides accountability and meets hazardous materials transportation rules. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.1
What is the FMCSA’s minimum required hose diameter for air brake systems on combination vehicles?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: A minimum 1-inch I.D. hose ensures sufficient airflow for proper brake response in combination vehicles. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What action should a driver take if a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) warns of a low-pressure tire?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Promptly checking and correcting tire pressure prevents blowouts and maintains handling. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.3
Which FMCSA regulation governs the transport of refrigerated food products?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Part 393 Subpart I covers refrigeration units and transport of perishable cargo. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.6
How should you position warning devices when stopped on a two-way, two-lane road at night?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Proper spacing warns traffic approaching from both directions on two-way roads. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.1
Which factor determines the required length of a pre-trip inspection report under Texas DOT?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Carrier policies govern report detail requirements, though all defects must be noted. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 8.2
What’s the main purpose of an anti-lock braking system in commercial vehicles?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: ABS prevents wheel lockup, maintaining steering control during emergency stops. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.1
What is the legal limit for axle weight on single axles in Texas without special permits?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Single axle weight limit is 20,000 lbs per Texas vehicle weight regulations. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 3.2
How often should you engage in controlled braking during a long descent?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Controlled snub braking every three minutes balances cooling intervals with speed control. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.10
Which record must a driver keep for 6 months as per FMCSA regulations?
Correct Answer: A Explanation: Drivers must retain hours-of-service logs for six months for FMCSA audits. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 4.1
When is it permissible to cross a double solid yellow centerline?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Double yellow lines prohibit crossing except for making legal left turns or U-turns. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 2.9
What must be checked regarding the fifth wheel during coupling on a slippery surface?
Correct Answer: B Explanation: Lubrication ensures smooth coupling; proper tension locks the fifth wheel under slippery conditions. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 7.1
Which hazard class requires placarding on all four sides of the vehicle?
Correct Answer: C Explanation: Explosives (Class 1) require placards on all four sides for maximum visibility. Citation: Texas CDL Handbook (2025), Section 5.1
How much distance does a tractor-trailer travel during perception time at 55 mph if perception time is 1.5 seconds?
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